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Protein and macros

How much protein, carbohydrate and fat you actually need, how to reach those numbers, and which of them are worth tracking at all.

Protein is the macro worth counting; the other two mostly take care of themselves once calories and protein are set. These articles cover how much protein the evidence supports, how to reach it on a vegetarian diet, what a gram of each macro is worth, and when tracking macros is more trouble than it is worth.

Start with

How much protein do you actually need per day?

The RDA is a floor, not a target. What the evidence supports for people who train, how to reach it on Indian food, and why it is the one macro worth counting.

16 articles

Terms used in this topic

  • Amino acid

    Amino acids are the building blocks proteins are made from; nine of the twenty used by the human body are essential, meaning they must come from food because the body cannot make them.

  • Carbohydrate

    Carbohydrate is the macronutrient comprising sugars, starches and fibre; it supplies about 4 kcal per gram, is the body's preferred fuel for hard training, and has no strict minimum dietary requirement.

  • Complete protein

    A complete protein is a food source that supplies all nine essential amino acids in proportions adequate for human needs; eggs, dairy, meat, fish and soy qualify, while most single plant sources fall short in one.

  • Dietary fat

    Dietary fat is the most energy-dense macronutrient at about 9 kcal per gram; it is required for hormone production and the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, and it is the item most often missed in home-cooked food logs.

  • Fibre

    Fibre is carbohydrate that the small intestine cannot digest; it adds bulk and slows digestion, improves fullness and gut health, and yields far less energy per gram than other carbohydrate.

  • Leucine

    Leucine is the essential amino acid that acts as the main dietary trigger for muscle protein synthesis; a meal containing roughly two to three grams of it is enough to produce a full response.

  • Macronutrient

    A macronutrient is one of the three nutrients the body uses for energy in gram quantities — protein, carbohydrate and fat — together with alcohol, which also supplies calories but serves no nutritional purpose.

  • Micronutrient

    Micronutrients are the vitamins and minerals the body needs in milligram or microgram quantities; they supply no calories, so a diet can hit every macro target and still be nutritionally poor.

  • Protein

    Protein is the macronutrient made of amino acids that the body uses to build and repair tissue, including muscle; it supplies about 4 kcal per gram and is the one macronutrient with a daily target worth tracking.

  • Protein synthesis

    Muscle protein synthesis is the process by which the body builds new muscle protein; it rises after eating protein and after resistance training, and muscle is gained when it exceeds breakdown over time.

  • Whey protein

    Whey protein is the fast-digesting protein fraction separated from milk during cheese-making, sold as a powder; it is a convenient concentrated protein source, not a requirement for building muscle.

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